照明的人性化设计(英文)

dianqi2008 · 发表于 2008-3-8 14:39:22

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With society development of the economy,illumination designs that tradition takes illuminance , 
degree of homogeneity as the concept designing an index's having broken already gradually , being emphasizing that still more personalizes design , the synthesis passing the illuminance , the 
colour temperature , coloration focusing thinks , makes that and the building consummate being 
tied in wedlock , builds a fine physiology and mentality environment thereby. In the process our 
illumination working drawing designing that the company accomplishes some internationals is able tostretch centre in Germany who fits is designed, the personalization to modern illumination designs that having done a few thorough thinkings. The author breaks the ice on this account , hopes book being tattooed with common electricity design personnel investigation and discussion being able to design that with being engaged in illumination here. 
Be an international's turn to be able to stretch centre for some city sign buildings, the entire building builds because of power along the foot of a hill , turn the public square building (built-up area about 120,000 flat rice) , A for the main body into building host enter the mouth, the built-up area about 350,000 flat rice) and B public square (sinks dyadic public square, built-up area makes an appointment with 200,000 to put down three meter of) major part , the main body building divides into two parts for international conference area and the international show a governmentdepartment at the provincial level , A , the B public square are the affiliation part that the main body builds, may be large-scale open-air exhibition space in the ordinary time, May (already hold the two folk song festival heavy section here as large-scale sing and dance show lieu time festival international perform) , may a host be built melting to enter the it's background tableau when performing. Change in the process of design, passing illumination space and motion,the head who makes person experience building gradually in the process stepping into abuilding is grand , the autocontrol and by the detail behaviour , the illuminator to interpose ,advanced perfect emergency illuminator, makes person realize designer to regard of human nature considerate right down to the most trivial detail and show consideration for. 
One, the space of illuminating designs
 The function designing that the change being to make use of lamp type , illuminance , the colour temperature on the basis keeping the architectural style coordination mainly comes to structure space's divides the space illuminating. 
Judging from the outside, the entire meeting exhibition centre includes the main body
 building (be able to stretch a part) , A public square , three B public square parts. Build 
according to the mountain but build main bodies among them, momentum is extensive, Zhan field about 30,000 ? O, whose top altitude is 169 meters , adopt white to pull a film forming a China rose flower model hanging upside down , ding-dang when the evening lights are lit, whose inner cavity several hundred gold thick gravy light warm colour light goes out of owing to inner transmission , appear pure and noble more under the night sky setting off, the characteristic becoming a city indicates that; The A public square is located in main body building north oblique tones , altitude 91 meters, the B public square is located in the west oblique tones that the main body builds then , centre is separated by the grand sight city is encircled by road very rapidly , whose altitude is 69 meters. The main body building strews , sets off each other with A , B public square height, therefore entire illumination designs the relation must finish handling this triple on space. A lot of public square illumination designs the technology having made use of more new now, if neon , LED , negative electrode tube the laser beam waits even , meeting exhibition centre illumination designs but the be obliged to outstanding main body building , A , B public square however one set off an effect, if making use of very excessively flowery lamp light , style had better recover self's original simplicity out of tune , therefore with grand momentum that can submerge the host building, also with steadiness that the main body builds, Adopt warm-toned courtyard light and burying a field throwing the optesthesia stimulation glorifying light (for avoiding bringing about block of wood comfort combining with lawn light , LED field light and minitype, field light is set up in the grove middle only, get up the lieu composing no very high lying fallow of a illuminance to the effect decorating a green belt) make the entire public square quiet , simple but after all elegant. The ding-dang people stays in being able to loosen very tight nerve among them,experience the dim light of night Ning Jing and serene, play lean on a flower to fine greenery role to host building, lower illuminance designs that having economized electric energy also greatly. 
That the main body builds the inside is that area and the international stretch two parts of government department at the provincial level mark for the international conference , think that the diversitymaking use of the colour temperature comes to build different atmosphere when designing that, convention area makes use of warm tones (3000 K) to set off lively atmosphere by contrast , exhibition government department at the provincial level area makes use of cold hue (4100 K) to keep the sunlight characteristic. Steel structure roof covering model laying stress on whose characteristic for going a step further in exhibition government department at the provincial level area, illuminate having adopt 6000 K colour temperatures and enlarge designing an illuminance to the roof covering, make the entire building mount every utensil characteristic in the function and the shape. 
Two, the motion illuminating designs
 The motion illuminating designs the mobility coming to form illumination's the transition being that the transition and illuminant making use of illuminance assemble location mainly,characteristic embodying personalization. 
Since the government department at the provincial level designing that the Lx illuminance comes to arrange to stretch now and then according to 500 illuminates, the public square steps into A thinking that people is 10 Lx from the illuminance interior, if the illuminance rises to 500 Lx directly, meeting do not adapt since too big illuminance contrast brings about optesthesia's. Transit therefore gradually in (250)- 300 (500) Lx designing that the illuminance pushes down 10－50－100－150 with people's stepping into being hit by us.
 In convention area , the illuminance are changeless neither. The annularity corridor in convention area is for instance middle , the partition making use of the illuminance diversity to will be encircled by a corridor is that the inner is encircled by the corridor (high illuminance) with the outside is encircled by a corridor (low illuminance) , whose purpose has two: The cherry wood being encircled by a corridor first for the outstanding inner coordinating architectural design decorates , forms contrast light and shade in spacious corridor , makes that no longer monotonous; That two is the inclusive circle making use of high illuminance inner to be encircled by a corridor attracting crowd go on foot, makes the outside ringcorridor people few but looks like that entire space further widens, keep the space aesthetic feeling building. 
On the lamp installation, designer's thinking also pins up utensil personalization: The public square is LED field light , flight of steps adopt the two flanks wall to hold ladder light with , that entry adopt field light two wall are illuminated, and then is a wall lamp, exchange for finally by all means to top illumination, process that the lamp moves up step by step from ground, rise gradually being symbolizing the sun's, let person gradually optesthesia be transformed into the daytime from the dim light of night, excitation degree improving person. 
Three, the detail illuminating designs 
Architectural design becomes seemingly already the sorrow designing that in the homeland abroad more different than one big characteristics of in the homeland it is the detail behaviour, to be able to only can be close to aTaoist temple far Kan Bu , in the process of the composition following some Germany design companies, that we feel sincerely German is rigorous and meticulous, the entire meeting exhibition designs the standard nearly right away not identical on the building stretching government department at the provincial level area tier, even if being that the function is identical , whose style is also be unable completely identical since got along storey is different, The design illuminating therefore also must adapt to one by one different function subarea request , the characteristic according to the building, various lamp types such as the ceiling , chain pendant lamp , pole pendant lamp , light slot , light bridge , light ring rack designing that light , pendant lamp , light give out light adopt different tube light , field light , wall lamp , ladder ,the gimmick building different illumination, even if being the lamp with the type, model selectingand using diversity also according to the diversity decorating style, Make person work at sth. with great care whenever experiencing one place.

dianqi2008 · 发表于 2008-3-8 14:39:56

Four, the building illuminating fits
 Domestic architectural design still has one big characteristics it is each kind of work in production proper motion to design that , the trumpet that strong electricity lamp , the detector giving an alarm and background giving gushing draining away water the drench the head , warm through place with draught , weak electricity broadcast designs that without exception by self, can achieve the pipeline does not fight not having lowered the furred ceiling even if altitude being extremely not wrong (being that the so-called pipeline is synthetical) , this brings about entire furred ceiling equipment arrangement chaos no doubt , that some Germany design companies demand in this respect is very strict, Unite each kinds of work in production equipment especially in coordination with that our side has drawn the synthetical arrangement plan of furred ceiling, will do entire building furred ceiling arrangement orderly. 
But, the queen , demonstration fixing position also bring about a series of problem , the key accommodating oneself to is a degree of homogeneity index problem most from building kind of work in production to lamp, for instance , designing middle in, altitude stretches the government department at the provincial level lamp 22.5 meters embedding dress going ahead in 600 * 500 light bridges , restrain since light bridge location accepts the furred ceiling form's, light bridge level spacing is not homogeneous , have no way to satisfy the degree of homogeneity index if adopt average lamp , is put into use demanding therefore the axis choosing polarized light shown by right picture matches only curvilinear lamp to be satisfied with, When this also has brought forward higher request installation to the method being under construction, being qualified for must pay attention to a lamp glorifies curve direction. 
That the lamp administration is defended is that lofty space illumination must think , still should
coordinate with building kind of work in production except paying attention to adopt the long-lived illuminant, adopt ways like the pulley overhauling a bridge , overhauling a ladder , going up and down, while satisfied illumination assembles a request , as far as possible convenient
in the future defend a job.
 Five, meet the emergency and evacuate illumination
 In large-scale building, the emergency and dispersed illumination require that the building fitting evacuates passage design not only, for visitor provide the insurance being more reliable, should consider proprietor's administration and the request using a function. Because of peculiarity that can stretch centre,whose emergency illumination design is relatively comparatively troublesome , embodies in several the following aspect mainly: 
1. Exhibition government department at the provincial level space is in general 
 comparatively lofty, be achieve energy conservation high-effect's purpose, illumination 
 adopt gold thick gravy light to wait for a gas to put in an electric lamp much. If but, 
 emergency illumination adopt here to be similar to lamp, the time blackout getting it in 
 gear again the day afer tomorrow is slower (3 ~ 5 general minutes) , this is absolute 
 inadmissibility's as for emergency illumination; And hot starting trigger trigger pulse 
 voltage will become 1 ~ 20,000 volts from several original kilovolts if adopt functional 
 lamp of warm boot,not only life-span high insulation having bigger effect, moreover lamp to the illuminant demanding to cause cost of construction to be excessive, the functional lamp of warm boot is more comparatively in choosing type aspect being limited. Being continued supplying electricity by accumulator cell group , jumped into a cutting time about 0.1 ~ 0.15 s when blackout therefore the lamp designing an emergency originally time adopt EPS to concentrate current supply , electric supply,the gas readjusts oneself to a certain extent electric lamp being able to not appear the condition blackout getting it in gear again. Concentrate current supply at the same time since adopt EPS, the lamp has had no need of allocation this locality accumulator cell , has also depleted to defend amount of work. 
2. The government department at the provincial level waits for big space lieu in
 the exhibition , evacuates illumination since the wall does not wait to assemble a 
 carrier , adopts in general to inlay the guiding lights in the floor. The exhibition 
 government department at the provincial level inner needs the automobile going through generally , this needs strenuously reaching more than 4 kN with regard to bearing the weight of demanding floor guiding lights but as for being able to stretch centre,can only be custom-made especially at present.
 Six, illumination building world autocontrol 
 The maximal characteristic that intelligence builds embodies in energy conservation aspect , the illuminator uses quantity of electric charge to roughly account for more than to use quantity of electric charge 20% of entire building but , being able to stretch centre in is to reach 30% more, illumination special-purpose 3 transformers general capacity 3000 kVA, the entire building is a public place and mainly equally , the handling crew illumination is controlled from the inside is responsible, meter of built-up area illumination controls almost about 600,000 all if adopt the manpower under the control of almost is impossible.
 Design middle therefore in illumination, all interior a public place illumination controls a box , the exterior lighting power distribution box reserves building world self-control under the control of interface equally, pass copper cable , local area network , fibre-optical , microwave Deng Bu Tong the transmission pattern carries out long-range under the control of on each illumination power distributions box inner DDC from the control centre , depend on each power distributions box at thesame time interpose hand moves on the spot under the control of, examine and repair and handle for the purpose of the scene. Controlling illuminating adopt the scene illuminance probe and time section sets up the control mode being tied in wedlock each other, to indoor illumination lieu, the illuminance is lower than ding-dang setting up standard time , DDC opens up the corresponding illumination circuit; With regard to outside lamp, then set up some open the illumination lamp for a short while paragraph voluntarily on the evening; Can't can the manpower under the control of complete when demanding peculiarly. 
The illuminator guards against system gear with safety , the detector guarding against theft gives an alarm or telecamera video frequency gives an alarm once appearing, the lead plane giving an alarm is united immediately moving building world self-control system, gear opens up the corresponding warning place illumination circuit , starts the illumination lamp, shoot picture recording monitoring equipment throwing into a job. 
In illuminating designing that and putting process into practice in some international meeting exhibition centres, communicate with by design for 4 years close to some Germany architectural design companies, the personalization designing idea to their illumination designs our deep understanding. Whose outside is like a simplicity but the idea that detail and integration design all is worthy for us to study conscientiously after all. Design that method and Fang Jun who is under construction also have brought forward higher technology and the request fitting to design personnel , purchaser , supply of material of our country at the same time like this.

shifeng2001 · 发表于 2008-3-8 17:11:15

你可知英语不是我母语,我丢掉它太久了英语.没勇气看.

冷若冰 · 发表于 2008-3-10 23:14:48

请龙王给大家讲解讲解。

冷 亚亚 · 发表于 2008-3-13 13:40:14

随着社会经济的发展，照明设计已逐渐突破了传统以照度、均匀度为设计指标的概念，更多强调的是人性化设计，通过对光的照度、色温、显色性的综合考虑，使之与建筑完美结合，从而建立一个良好的生理和心理环境。我们在配合德国设计公司完成某国际会展中心的照明施工图设计过程中，对现代照明的人性化设计作了一些深入思考。笔者以此抛砖引玉，希望籍此文能与从事照明设计的电气设计人员共同探讨。 该国际会展中心为某市标志性建筑，整个建筑沿山脚因势而建，分为主体建筑（建筑面积约12万平米）、A广场（为建筑物主入口，建筑面积约35万平米）和B广场（下沉式广场，建筑面积约20万平米）三大部分，主体建筑分为国际会议区和国际展厅两部分，A、B广场作为主体建筑的附属部分，平时可作为大型露天展览场地，节日时可作为大型歌舞表演场所（已在此举办过两届民歌节大型国际性演出），演出时可将主建筑融入其背景画面。在设计过程中，通过照明空间及运动的变化，使人在步入建筑物的过程中逐渐感受建筑的魁宏，并通过细部的表现、完善的应急照明系统设置、先进的照明系统的自动控制，使人体会到设计师对人性无微不至的关心和体贴。
一、照明的空间设计：
 照明的空间设计主要是在保持建筑风格协调性的基础上利用灯具类型、照度、色温的变化来构造空间的功能分隔。
 从外部来看，整个会展中心包括主体建筑（会展部分）、A广场、B广场三个部分。其中主体建筑依山而建，气势恢宏，占地约3万㎡，其顶部标高为169米，采用白色张拉膜形成一个倒挂的朱槿花造型，当华灯初上，其内腔数百盏金卤灯的暖色光线由内透射而出，在夜空的映衬下更显得冰清玉洁，成为城市的特色标志；A广场位于主体建筑北侧，标高91米，B广场则位于主体建筑的西侧，中间隔着十分壮观的城市快速环道，其标高为69米。主体建筑与A、B广场高低错落、互相衬托，因此整个照明设计必须处理好这三者在空间上的关系。现在许多广场照明设计利用了较多的新技术，如霓虹灯、LED、阴极管甚至激光束等，但会展中心照明设计必须突出主体建筑，A、B广场只是一个衬托作用，如果利用太过于花哨的灯光，将会淹没主建筑的宏大气势，也与主体建筑的沉稳风格不协调，因此不如返璞归真，采用暖色调的庭院灯并结合草坪灯、LED地灯及小型埋地投光灯（为了避免造成不舒适的视觉刺激，地灯仅设在树丛中，起到装饰绿化带的作用）构成一个照度不很高的休闲场所，使整个广场安静、简单却不失优雅。当人置身其中，能放松绷紧的神经，感受夜色的宁静与安详，对主建筑起到良好的绿叶扶花作用，较低的照度设计也大大节省了电能。
 主体建筑内部则分为国际会议区和国际展厅两部分，在设计时考虑利用色温的不同来营造不同的氛围，会议区利用暖色调（3000K）烘托热烈的气氛，展厅区利用冷色调（4100K）保持日光的特色。在展厅区为了进一步突出其特色的钢结构屋面造型，对屋面照明采用了6000K色温并加大设计照度，使整个建筑在功能和形体上各具特色。
二、照明的运动设计：
 照明的运动设计主要是利用照度的过渡以及光源安装位置的过渡来形成照明的运动性，体现人性化的特点。
 由于设计时按500Lx照度来布置展厅照明，当人们由照度为10Lx的A广场步入室内，如果照度直接升至500Lx，会由于照度的过大反差造成视觉的不适应。因此在设计中我们随着人们的步入照度按10－50－100－150（250）－300（500）Lx逐渐过渡。
 在会议区，照度也不是一成不变的。例如在会议区的环形走廊中，利用照度的不同将环廊划分为内环廊（高照度）和外环廊（低照度），其目的有二：一是为了配合建筑设计突出内环廊的樱桃木装饰，在宽大的走廊中形成明暗对比，使之不再单调；二是利用高照度的内环廊吸引人群在内圈行走，使外环廊人少而显得整个建筑空间更加开阔，保持建筑的空间美感。
 在灯具的安装上，设计师的考虑也别具人性化：广场为LED地灯，台阶采用两侧的壁装阶梯灯，入口处采用地灯将两壁照亮，然后是壁灯，最后切换到顶部照明，灯具由地下逐步上移的过程，象征着太阳的逐渐升起，让人逐渐将视觉由夜色改为白天，提高人的兴奋度。
三、照明的细部设计：
 国外建筑设计不同于国内的一大特色就是细部的表现，只能远看不能近观似乎已成为国内设计的悲哀，在跟德国某设计公司的配合过程中，我们深感德国人的严谨和细致，整个会展设计几乎在建筑上就没有相同的标准层，即使是功能相同的展厅区，由于所处楼层不同，其风格也不尽相同，因此照明的设计也必须适应各个不同的功能分区要求，根据建筑的特点，设计采用不同的筒灯、地灯、壁灯、阶梯灯、吊灯、灯盘、发光天棚、链吊灯、杆吊灯、灯槽、灯桥、灯环架等各种灯具类型，营造不同的照明手法，即使是同类型的灯具，也根据装饰风格的不同选用不同的造型，使人每到一处都感受到精雕细琢。
四、照明的建筑配合：
 国内的建筑设计还有一大特色就是各个工种自行设计，强电的灯具、给排水的喷淋头、暖通的风口、弱电的报警探头和背景广播的喇叭均自行设计，能做到管道不打架不压低吊顶高度就算是很不错了（即所谓的管道综合），这固然造成整个吊顶设备布置的混乱，德国某设计公司在这方面要求很严格，还特别配合我方绘制了吊顶综合布置图，将各个工种的设备统一起来，使得整个建筑吊顶布置井然有序。
 然而，由建筑工种对灯具定位后，确实也带来一系列问题，最关键的就是均匀度指标问题，比如在本设计中，22.5米标高展厅的灯具嵌装于600*500灯桥上，由于灯桥位置受到吊顶形状的约束，灯桥的水平间距并不均匀，若采用普通灯具就无法满足均匀度指标，故选择右图所示的偏光轴配光曲线的灯具以满足使用要求，这也对施工方提出了较高的要求——安装时必须注意灯具的配光曲线方向。
 灯具的管理维护是高大空间照明必须考虑的，除了注意采用长寿命光源之外，尚应与建筑工种配合，采用检修桥、检修梯、升降滑轮等方式，在满足照明安装要求的同时，尽可能方便日后的维护工作。
五、应急和疏散照明：
 在大型建筑中，应急和疏散照明不仅需要配合建筑疏散通道设计，为参观者提供更为可靠的安全保障，还应考虑业主的管理及使用功能的要求。由于会展中心的独特性，其应急照明设计相对较为棘手，主要体现在以下几个方面：
 1.展厅空间一般比较高大，为达到节能高效的目的，照明多采用金卤灯等气体放电灯。然而，若应急照明采用此类灯具，断电后再启动时间较慢（一般3~5分钟），这对于应急照明来说是绝对不允许的；如采用热启动功能的灯具，热启动触发器的触发脉冲电压将由原来的几千伏变为1~2万伏，不但对光源寿命有较大影响，而且灯具的高绝缘要求致使造价过高，并且热启动功能的灯具在选型方面受限较多。所以本次设计应急灯具采用EPS集中供电，市电断电时，由蓄电池组继续供电，投切时间约0.1~0.15s，气体放电灯不会出现断电再启动的情况。同时由于采用EPS集中供电，灯具不需配置本地蓄电池，也大大减少了维护工作量。
 2.在展厅等大空间场所，疏散照明由于没有墙壁等安装载体，一般采用镶嵌于地面的指示灯。而对于会展中心来说，展厅内通常需要通行汽车，这就要求地面指示灯的承载力需达4kN以上，目前只能特别定制。
六、照明楼宇自动控制：
 智能建筑的最大特点体现在节能方面，而照明系统用电量约占整个建筑用电量的20%以上，在本会展中心更是达到30%，照明专用的3台变压器总容量3000kVA，而且整个建筑基本上均是公共场所，照明控制由内部管理人员负责，近六七十万平米建筑面积的照明控制如果采用人工控制几乎是不可能的。
 因此在照明设计中，所有的室内公共场所照明控制箱、户外照明配电箱均预留楼宇自控控制接口，通过铜缆、局域网、光纤、微波等不同的传输模式由控制中心对各个照明配电箱内的DDC进行远程控制，同时在各个配电箱设置就地手动控制，以便现场检修和操作。照明的控制采用现场照度探测器与时间段设定相结合的控制方式，对于室内照明场所，当照度低于设定标准时，DDC打开相应照明回路；对于室外灯具，则设定在晚上某一时间段自动开启照明灯具；在特殊要求时也可以完全人工控制。
 照明系统还与安防系统联动，一旦出现防盗探头报警或摄像机视频报警，报警主机立即联动楼宇自控系统，联动打开相应报警地点的照明回路，启动照明灯具，摄录像监控设备投入工作。
 在某国际会展中心照明设计及实施过程中，通过与德国某建筑设计公司近四年的设计交流，我们深刻体会到他们的照明设计理念——人性化设计。其外似简单而不失细部以及一体化设计的理念都值得我们认真学习。同时这样的设计也对我国的设计人员、采购者、供货方及施工方均提出了更高的技术和配合要求。 [em10]

haocent · 发表于 2008-3-13 14:18:36

楼上的很专业。。

pilifeng · 发表于 2008-3-13 16:03:43

亚亚，可以啊，不错！

lawwen · 发表于 2008-3-13 16:15:10

我英语也不怎么滴啊，惭愧啊

冷若冰 · 发表于 2008-3-13 21:37:46

亚亚，真的假的？！

照明的人性化设计(英文)

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