|
楼主 |
发表于 2008-2-1 15:22:35
|
显示全部楼层
回复:重磅推出:全国注册电气案例题真题披露及解答过程
<P>先披露2005年的案例题真题:</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left>1.若该厂10kV系统有功计算负荷4000kW,无功计算负荷为3000kvar,其年平均有功负荷系数0.75,年平均无功负荷系数0.8,如果用并联电容将其功率因数补偿到0.95计算应加并联电容容量 <o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left>A 1419 kvar B 1660 kvar C 2213 kvar D 1809 kvar <o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71" align=left>采用<<工业与民用配电设计手册(第三版)>>第一章第十一节二、采用并联电力电容器补偿功率因数计算公式(P21)<o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><v:shapetype id=_x0000_t75 stroked="f" filled="f" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" coordsize="21600,21600"><v:stroke joinstyle="miter"></v:stroke><v:formulas><v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></v:f></v:formulas><v:path o:connecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t" o:extrusionok="f"></v:path><o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit"></o:lock></v:shapetype><v:shape id=_x0000_i1025 style="WIDTH: 123pt; HEIGHT: 54.75pt" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.wmz"></v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left>代入数据<v:shape id=_x0000_i1026 style="WIDTH: 284.25pt; HEIGHT: 51.75pt" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.wmz"></v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><v:shape id=_x0000_i1027 style="WIDTH: 60.75pt; HEIGHT: 18pt" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.wmz"></v:imagedata></v:shape> <v:shape id=_x0000_i1028 style="WIDTH: 78.75pt; HEIGHT: 18pt" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.wmz"></v:imagedata></v:shape> <v:shape id=_x0000_i1029 style="WIDTH: 75pt; HEIGHT: 18pt" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.wmz"></v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left>补偿容量的计算公式 <v:shape id=_x0000_i1030 style="WIDTH: 279.75pt; HEIGHT: 18pt" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image011.wmz"></v:imagedata></v:shape> kvar<o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left>补偿1809 kvar后功率因数(P22)<o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><v:shape id=_x0000_i1031 style="WIDTH: 345.75pt; HEIGHT: 92.25pt" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image013.wmz"></v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left>补偿1660 kvar后后功率因数<o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><v:shape id=_x0000_i1032 style="WIDTH: 345.75pt; HEIGHT: 92.25pt" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image015.wmz"></v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left>参考答案: B (D)<o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 42.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 4.07"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">这道题的答案,我认为并不正确,理由如下:<o:p></o:p></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-para-margin-left: 2.07gd"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">1</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">、既然采用了平均功率因数,也应采用平均功率(即400</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">0</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">×0.75</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">)来计算补偿容量,这样得出的结果是1413</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">。<o:p></o:p></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-para-margin-left: 2.07gd"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">2</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">、同样,已知补偿容量验算补偿后的功率因数时,也应采用平均负荷(即400</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">0</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">×0.75</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">和3000</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">×0.8</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">),验算平均功率因数!否则,用最大负荷功率因数与平均功率因数相比,得不出正确的结果。(这就是网上的“验算”对不上的原因。)<o:p></o:p></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-para-margin-left: 2.07gd"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">3</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">、求补偿后的计算负荷(P</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">、Q</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">、S</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">)时,不应乘任何平均系数之类!即应采用最大负荷功率因数。<o:p></o:p></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.75pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"> -----------------------------------------------------------<o:p></o:p></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.75pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"> </B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">习题集62</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">页81</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">题也有同样的问题!<o:p></o:p></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.99; mso-para-margin-left: 2.07gd"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">问题的根子出在《配电设计手册》,21</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">页只给了按计算负荷求补偿容量的算式,漏掉按平均负荷求补偿容量的算式!(对此,我除了抱歉,无话可说。)<o:p></o:p></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-para-margin-left: 2.0gd"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">新版《指导书》169</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">页的算式加上α</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">,是进了一步。但170</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">页求补偿后的功率因数时,仍然没有加上验算平均功率因数。<o:p></o:p></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-para-margin-left: 2.0gd"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">实际上供电和用电之间结算时,只能采用加权平均功率因数,即用有功电能消耗<o:p></o:p></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">量和无功电能消耗量计算的“均权力率”:<o:p></o:p></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><o:p> </o:p></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><v:line id=_x0000_s1026 style="Z-INDEX: 1; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left" strokeweight="1pt" to="162pt,0" from="108pt,0"></v:line><v:line id=_x0000_s1028 style="Z-INDEX: 3; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left" to="252pt,19.4pt" from="252pt,19.4pt"></v:line><v:line id=_x0000_s1027 style="Z-INDEX: 2; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left" to="99pt,7.8pt" from="99pt,7.8pt"></v:line><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"> cos</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">ф=W</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SUB>m </SUB></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">/ </B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SUB>\</SUB></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">/ W</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SUB>m</SUB></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SUP>2</SUP></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">+ W</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SUB>rm</SUB></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SUP>2 </SUP></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">( tanф=</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">W</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SUB>rm </SUB></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">/ </B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">W</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SUB>m </SUB></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">)</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><o:p></o:p></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; mso-para-margin-left: 2.0gd"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"> ----------------------------------------------------------<o:p></o:p></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-para-margin-left: 2.0gd"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">手册和指导书都有问题,如何应付考试呢?<o:p></o:p></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-para-margin-left: 2.0gd"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">* </B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">一般情况下,特别是机器阅卷时,只能先按习题集了。<o:p></o:p></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-para-margin-left: 2.0gd"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">* </B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">如果能从题意上看出要计算的是平均负荷的补偿容量,可按1</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">和2</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">的方法。<o:p></o:p></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-para-margin-left: 2.0gd"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">* </B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">任何情况下,求补偿后的计算负荷(P</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">、Q</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">、S</B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">)时,不应乘平均系数之类!<o:p></o:p></B></P> |
|